精心制作书用料可分为脊面同料和脊面异料两种。
The materials for elaborately making books can be divided into two types: the same materials on the ridge and different materials on the ridge.
1、脊面同料，即书脊和封面封底采用整片的同一种材料制成。有方脊和圆脊两种。精心制作面料多用纸、织物、漆纸、漆布等，一般都配有护封。但有一种全纸面印有书名、图案等并压膜裱糊在硬纸板上，这种书多为方脊不带护封。
1. The ridge surface is made of the same material, that is, the spine and the cover and back cover are made of the same material. There are square ridge and round ridge. Elaborate fabrics, multi-purpose paper, fabric, lacquer paper, lacquer cloth, etc. are generally equipped with protective covers. However, there is a kind of full paper printed with book title, pattern, etc. and laminated on cardboard. Most of these books are square ridges without protective cover.
2、脊面异料，即书脊和封面用不同材料制成，通常以织物作书脊，以纸张裱糊在硬纸版上作封面，这种形式一般多为圆脊不带护封。
2. Ridge surface different materials, that is, the spine and cover are made of different materials. Usually, the fabric is used as the spine and the paper is pasted on the hard paper plate as the cover. This form is generally round ridge without protective cover.
精心制作封皮衬纸用什么胶粘?
What kind of adhesive is used to make the cover lining paper carefully?
精心制作书与平装书主要区别就在于书的封面不同。平装书的封面为软封面，精心制作书的封面为硬封面，称为书壳。书壳通常由三层材料（也有多层的）组成。外层封皮由涂料纸、亚麻、涂布、丝绸、棉纺等材料制成。画册设计里层为衬纸，印有实地色、图案或为白衬纸。衬纸与书芯一起钉装，将书芯与书壳连为一体。在封皮与衬纸之间是一层厚度为1.5mm～3.5mm的纸板，它由三块纸板拼成。精心制作书的钉装关键就在于书壳的制作，而组成书壳的各部分材料尺寸合适与否直接影响到整书的质量。
The main difference between an elaborate book and a paperback book is that the cover of the book is different. The cover of a paperback book is a soft cover, and the cover of a carefully made book is a hard cover, which is called a book case. The book case is usually composed of three layers of material (or multiple layers). The outer cover is made of coating paper, linen, coating, silk, cotton and other materials. The inner layer of the album design is backing paper, printed with field color, pattern or white backing paper. The backing paper and the book block are nailed together to connect the book block and the book case as a whole. Between the cover and the backing paper is a layer of paperboard with a thickness of 1.5mm ~ 3.5mm, which is composed of three paperboards. The key to the nailing of carefully made books lies in the production of the book case, and whether the material size of each part of the book case is appropriate or not directly affects the quality of the whole book.
精心制作书分为圆背精心制作和方背精心制作。精心制作书的书壳通常比书芯略大2～4mm，其大出部分称为飘口。它可以起到画册设计保护书芯的作用、且显得美观大方。
Elaborate books are divided into round back elaborate and square back elaborate. The carefully made book case is usually 2 ~ 4mm larger than the book block, and the larger part is called floating mouth. It can play the role of album design to protect the book block, and it is beautiful and generous.
精心制作书的装订工艺 一、 流程为: 书芯的制作→书壳的制作→上书壳 （一）书芯的制作 书芯制作的前一部分和平装书装订工艺相同，包括：裁切、折页、配页、锁线与切书等。在完成上述工作之后，就要进行精心制作书芯更复杂的加工过程。书芯为圆背有脊形式，可在平装书芯的基础上，经过压平、刷胶、干燥、裁切、扒圆、起脊、刷胶、粘纱布、再刷胶、粘堵头布、粘书脊纸、干燥等完成精心制作书芯的加工。书芯为方背无脊形式，就不需要扒圆。书芯为圆背无脊形式，就不需要起脊。
The binding process of carefully made books I. the process is: production of book block → production of book case → production of upper book case (I) book block. The former part of book block production is the same as that of plain bound books, including cutting, folding, page matching, sewing and book cutting. After completing the above work, it is necessary to carefully make the book block more complex processing process. The book block is in the form of round back with ridge. On the basis of paperback book block, carefully making book block can be completed through flattening, glue brushing, drying, cutting, round raking, ridging, glue brushing, gauze sticking, glue brushing, plug cloth sticking, spine paper sticking, drying, etc. The book block is in the form of square back without ridge, so there is no need to pick a circle. The book block is in the form of round back without ridge, so there is no need for ridge.
1. 压平 压平是在专用的压书机上进行，使书芯结实、平服，提高书籍的装订质量。
1. Flattening is carried out on a special book press to make the book block firm and flat, and improve the binding quality of books.
2.刷胶 用手工或机械刷胶，使书芯达到基本定型，在下道工序加工时，书帖不发生相互移动。
2. Brush glue manually or mechanically to make the book block reach the basic setting. During the next process, the book posts will not move each other.
3、裁切 对刷胶基本干燥的书芯，进行裁切，成为光本书芯。
3. Cut the book block that is basically dry with glue brush, and cut it to become a light book block.
4、扒圆 由人工或机械，把书脊背脊部分，处理成圆弧形的工艺过程，叫做扒圆。扒圆以后，整本书的书贴能互相错开，便于翻阅，提高了书芯的牢固程度。
4. Round raking is a process in which the back part of the book spine is processed into an arc shape manually or mechanically, which is called round raking. After rounding, the book stickers of the whole book can be staggered with each other, which is easy to read and improves the firmness of the book block.
5.起脊 由人工或机械，把书芯用夹板夹紧加实，在书芯正反两面，接近书脊与环衬连线的边缘处，压出一条凹痕，使书脊略向外鼓起的工序，叫做起脊，这样可防止扒圆后的书芯回圆变形。
5. Ridging is a process of manually or mechanically clamping and compacting the book block with a splint, pressing out a dent on the front and back sides of the book block, close to the edge of the line between the book ridge and the ring lining, so as to make the book ridge bulge slightly outward, which is called ridging, so as to prevent the book block from rounding and deformation after rounding.
6.书脊的加工 加工的内容包括：刷胶、粘书签带、贴纱布、贴堵头布，贴书脊纸。 贴纱布能够增加书芯的连结强度和书芯与书壳的连结强度。 堵头布，贴在书芯背脊的天头和地脚两端，使书帖之间紧紧相连，不仅增加了书籍装订的牢固性，又使书变得美观。 书脊纸一定得贴在书芯背脊中间，不能起皱、起泡。
6. The processing of spine includes: brushing glue, pasting bookmark tape, pasting gauze, pasting plug cloth and pasting spine paper. Sticking gauze can increase the connection strength of the book block and the connection strength between the book block and the book case. The capping cloth is pasted on both ends of the crown and the foot of the back of the book block, so that the books are closely connected, which not only increases the firmness of book binding, but also makes the book beautiful. The spine paper must be pasted in the middle of the back of the book block without wrinkling or blistering.
（二） 书壳的制作 书壳是精心制作书的封面。书壳的材料应有一定的强度和耐磨性，并具有装饰的作用。 用一整块面料，将封面、封底和背脊连在一起制成的书壳，叫做整料书壳。封面、封底用同一面料，而背脊用另一块面料制成的书壳，叫做配料书壳。 作书壳时，先按规定尺寸裁切封面材料并刷胶，然后再将前封、后封的纸板压实、定位（称为摆壳），包好边缘和四角，进行压平即完成书壳的制作。由于手工操作效率低，现改用机械制书壳。 制做好的书壳，在前后封以及书背上，压印书名和图案等。为了适应书背的圆弧形状，书壳整饰完以后，还需进行扒圆。
（2） The making of book case the book case is the cover of a carefully made book. The material of the book case should have certain strength and wear resistance, and have the function of decoration. A book case made of a whole piece of fabric connecting the cover, back cover and spine is called a whole book case. A book case made of the same fabric for the front cover and back cover and another fabric for the back is called an ingredient book case. When making a book case, first cut the cover material according to the specified size and brush glue, then compact and position the front and rear sealing paperboards (called swing case), wrap the edges and corners, and press flat to complete the production of the book case. Due to the low efficiency of manual operation, we now use mechanical book cases. The title and pattern of the book are embossed on the front and back seals and the back of the book. In order to adapt to the arc shape of the back of the book, the book case needs to be rounded after finishing.
（三） 上书壳 把书壳和书芯连在一起的工艺过程，叫做上书壳，也叫套壳。 上书壳的方法是：先在书芯的一面衬页上，涂上胶水，按一定位置放在书壳上，使书芯与书壳一面先粘牢固，再按此方法把书芯的另一面衬页也平整地粘在书壳上，整个书芯与书壳就牢固地连结在一起了。后用压线起脊机，在书的前后边缘各压出一道凹槽，加压、烘干，使书籍更加平整、定型。
（3） The process of connecting the book case and the book block together is called the upper book case, also known as the sleeve case. The method of putting on the book case is: first, apply glue on the lining page on one side of the book block, and place it on the book case according to a certain position, so that one side of the book block and the book case can be firmly adhered, and then the lining page on the other side of the book block can be smoothly adhered to the book case according to this method, so that the whole book block and the book case can be firmly connected. After that, use the crimping and ridging machine to press out a groove on the front and rear edges of the book, pressurize and dry, so as to make the book more flat and shaped.
如果有护封，则包上护封即可出厂。 精心制作书，装订工序多，工艺复杂，用手工操作时，操作人员多、效率低。目前采用精心制作联动机，能自动完成书芯供应、书芯压平、刷胶烘干、书芯压紧、三面裁切、书芯扒圆起脊、书芯刷胶粘纱布、粘卡纸和堵头布、上书壳、压槽成型、书本输出等精心制作书的装订工艺。 我国生产的JZX－01型精心制作书籍装订自动生产线由供书芯机、书芯压平机、刷胶烘干机、书芯压紧机、书芯堆积机、三面切机、扒圆起脊机、输送反转机、书芯贴背机、上书壳机、压槽成型机等单机，按上述顺序排列组成。
If there is a protective seal, the package can leave the factory. The book is carefully made, with many binding processes and complex process. When it is operated manually, there are many operators and low efficiency. At present, the elaborate linkage machine is adopted, which can automatically complete the book binding process of elaborate books, such as book block supply, book block flattening, glue brushing and drying, book block compression, three-sided cutting, book block rounding and ridging, book block brushing adhesive gauze, adhesive card paper and plug cloth, upper book case, groove forming, book output, etc. The jzx-01 elaborate book binding automatic production line produced in China is composed of single machines such as book core feeder, book core flattening machine, glue brushing dryer, book core compactor, book core stacker, three side cutter, rounding ridging machine, conveying reversing machine, book core sticking back machine, book shell machine and grooving forming machine, which are arranged in the above order.
精心制作书与平装书的区别
The difference between an elaborate book and a paperback book
精心制作书和平装书的主要区别在装订方面。平装书就是我们平常一般用的书，比如教材什么的，一般采用胶订工艺，即用特种装订用的胶将书的内页各印张粘在一起，再和封面粘在一起就可以了，一般用专门的胶订机器。封面就是一般的铜版纸什么的，比内页厚一些，整本书是可以弯折的，可以握在手里。而精心制作书的内页一般是采用锁线工艺，就是用线将内页锁在一起，再粘上胶，这样比较结实，不爱掉页。
The main difference between elaborate books and paperback books is in binding. Paperback books are books we usually use, such as teaching materials. Generally, binding technology is adopted, that is, the inner pages of the book are pasted together with special binding glue, and then pasted together with the cover. Generally, special binding machines are used. The cover is ordinary coated paper or something. It is thicker than the inner page. The whole book can be bent and held in your hand. The inner pages of carefully made books are generally locked with thread, that is, the inner pages are locked together with thread, and then glued with glue, which is more solid and does not love to lose pages.
封皮一般为硬纸板的，将印刷精美的薄纸糊在硬纸板上形成书皮，再将内页粘在书壳上。精心制作书是不能弯折的，看上去档次也高，一般因有硬皮显得很厚重、精美。
The cover is generally made of cardboard. The beautifully printed tissue paper is pasted on the cardboard to form the book cover, and then the inner page is pasted on the book case. Carefully made books can't be bent. They look high-grade. Generally, they look very thick and exquisite because of their hard skin.
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