一、纸张特性对印刷品光泽的影响
1、 Influence of paper characteristics on the gloss of printed matter
在印刷过程中，墨膜转移到纸张表面，并填充了纸面的凹凸不平，使印刷品表面相当平滑。印刷品墨膜表面对光的镜面反射决定着印刷品光泽的大小，而墨膜表面又同纸张特性密切相关。
In the printing process, the ink film is transferred to the paper surface and filled with the uneven surface of the paper, making the surface of the printed matter quite smooth. The specular reflection of light on the ink film surface of printed matter determines the gloss of printed matter, and the ink film surface is closely related to the characteristics of paper.
墨膜厚度是影响印刷品光泽的主要因素。在纸张更大限度吸收油墨的连结料以后，剩余的连结料仍保留在墨膜中，它可以有效地提高印刷品的光泽。墨膜越厚，剩余的连结料越多，越有利于提高印刷品的光泽。研究发现：光泽随墨膜厚度提高的趋势，因不同的纸张而有所不同。图1为相同油墨在四种不同纸张上印刷所得印刷品光泽与墨膜厚度的关系曲线。从图上可见，尽管油墨相同，但不同纸张所形成的印刷品光泽随墨膜厚度而变化的趋势是不同的。高光泽涂料纸在墨膜较薄时，其印刷品光泽随墨膜厚度的增加而降低，这是由于墨膜掩盖了纸张本身原有的较高的光泽，而墨膜本身形成的光泽又由于纸张吸收而降低。随着墨膜厚度的增加，纸张本身原有的较高的光泽就越难透过墨膜反映出来。当墨膜厚度达到1.5μm时，纸张对连结料的吸收基本饱和。之后，随着墨膜厚度的继续增加，保留连结料越多，光泽也就不断提高。涂料纸板印刷品在墨膜较薄时光泽随墨膜厚度的增加迅速提高，在墨膜厚度增加到3.8μm以后，光泽便不再随墨膜厚度的增加而提高。但是无论何种纸张，光泽随墨膜厚度增加而提高的量都应有一定的限度。
Ink film thickness is the main factor affecting the gloss of printed matter. After the paper absorbs the binder of the ink to a greater extent, the remaining binder is still retained in the ink film, which can effectively improve the luster of the printed matter. The thicker the ink film, the more remaining binder, which is more conducive to improving the luster of the printed matter. It is found that the trend of gloss increasing with ink film thickness varies with different paper. Figure 1 shows the relationship between the gloss of printed matter printed with the same ink on four different papers and the thickness of ink film. It can be seen from the figure that although the inks are the same, the variation trend of print gloss formed by different papers with ink film thickness is different. When the ink film of high gloss coating paper is thin, the print gloss decreases with the increase of the ink film thickness, because the ink film masks the original high gloss of the paper itself, and the gloss formed by the ink film itself decreases due to the absorption of the paper. With the increase of ink film thickness, the original high gloss of the paper itself is more difficult to be reflected through the ink film. When the ink film thickness reaches 1.5 μ M, the absorption of paper to binder is basically saturated. Then, as the thickness of the ink film continues to increase, the more binder is retained, and the luster will continue to improve. When the ink film of Coated Paperboard Printing is thin, the gloss increases rapidly with the increase of ink film thickness, and the ink film thickness increases to 3.8 μ M later, the gloss no longer increases with the increase of ink film thickness. However, no matter what kind of paper, the gloss should be improved with the increase of ink film thickness.
纸张特性对印刷品光泽的影响
Influence of paper characteristics on the gloss of printed matter
纸张由于纤维交织而形成毛细管网络结构，具有大量孔隙，成为吸收油墨的基础。纸张毛细管网络对油墨连结料的吸收时间和连结料固着时间之间的平衡决定着印刷品光泽形成时连结料渗透的程度。一般印刷品光泽均随纸张吸收能力的增强而降低。
Paper forms capillary network structure due to fiber interweaving, which has a large number of pores and becomes the basis of absorbing ink. The balance between the absorption time of ink binder by paper capillary network and the fixing time of binder determines the degree of binder penetration during the formation of printing gloss. Generally, the gloss of printed matter decreases with the enhancement of paper absorption capacity.
纸张平滑度及本身光泽影响印刷品光泽。平滑度高有利于形成均匀平滑的墨膜，从而提高印刷品光泽。纸张本身的光泽好则能提高墨膜的反射率，尤其对于透明油墨更是如此。两种油墨印刷在4种光泽不同的涂料纸上的结果。从图可见，两种油墨的印刷品光泽均随纸张本身光泽的提高而提高。印刷品光泽与纸张本身光泽之间的相关性比印刷品光泽与纸张吸收能力之间的相关性还强。
The smoothness of paper and its own gloss affect the gloss of printed matter. High smoothness is conducive to the formation of uniform and smooth ink film, so as to improve the gloss of printed matter. Good gloss of the paper itself can improve the reflectivity of the ink film, especially for transparent ink. The results of printing two inks on four kinds of coated paper with different gloss. It can be seen from the figure that the print gloss of the two inks increases with the improvement of the gloss of the paper itself. The correlation between print gloss and paper gloss is stronger than that between print gloss and paper absorption capacity.
从上面的讨论中可以发现，纸张平滑度、光泽和吸收能力之间也存在着相关性。从造纸过程很容易解释这一点。例如，压光处理能改进纸张平滑度和光泽，同时也减少纸张的孔隙量，从而降低纸张的吸收能力。此外，纸张表面的pH值也是印刷品光泽形成的一个不可忽视的因素，ph值高，有利于油墨干燥，因而有利于提高印刷品的光泽。
From the above discussion, it can be found that there is also a correlation between paper smoothness, gloss and absorption capacity. It is easy to explain this from the papermaking process. For example, calendering can improve the smoothness and luster of the paper, but also reduce the porosity of the paper, thus reducing the absorption capacity of the paper. In addition, the pH value of the paper surface is also a factor that can not be ignored in the formation of print gloss. High pH value is conducive to ink drying, so it is conducive to improve the gloss of print.
二、纸张特性对印刷图像阶调再现的影响
2、 Influence of paper characteristics on tone reproduction of printed image
理想阶调再现是获得高质量印刷图像重要的工艺环节，大多数不良印刷品都是由于阶调再现方面的问题造成的。
Ideal tone reproduction is an important process to obtain high-quality printed images. Most bad prints are caused by the problems of tone reproduction.
图像复制首要的要求是被复制的图像在视觉上跟原稿匹配。但事实上大多数情况下是不可能实现的。表1列出了不同类型纸张复制图象的密度范围，而原稿的密度范围在0~2.7（3.0）。显然在大多数情况下，原稿的密度范围比印刷图像的密度范围大，而且随着纸张质量的降低，可复制的密度范围越小，对于饱和度和色彩来说也是如此。
The primary requirement of image reproduction is that the copied image visually matches the original. But in fact, it is impossible in most cases. Table 1 lists the density range of copied images on different types of paper, while the density range of originals is 0 ~ 2.7 (3.0). Obviously, in most cases, the density range of the original is larger than that of the printed image, and with the decrease of paper quality, the smaller the reproducible density range, as well as for saturation and color.
解决的方法是压缩原稿的阶调范围，使其和纸张等能够再现的密度范围相匹配。
The solution is to compress the gradient range of the original to match the density range that can be reproduced by paper, etc.
三、纸张特性对网点加大量的影响
3、 Influence of paper characteristics on dot gain
1. 网点加大
1. Increased outlets
网点加大对复制色相变化的影响比任何其它变量都大。在纸张上印刷的墨量会影响网点加大，而网点加大则影响印刷反差。在印刷黑白或彩***目调图像时，网点加大会改变画面反差并引起图像细节与清晰度的损失。在多色印刷中，网点加大会导致反差丢失、图像深暗、网点糊死并引起急剧的色彩变化。
The effect of dot enlargement on the change of reproduction hue is greater than any other variable. The amount of ink printed on the paper will affect the dot increase, and the dot increase will affect the printing contrast. When printing black-and-white or color * * * eye tone images, dot addition will change the picture contrast and cause the loss of image detail and clarity. In multicolor printing, dot enlargement will lead to loss of contrast, dark image, dot paste and sharp color change.
纸张特性对网点加大量的影响
Influence of paper characteristics on dot gain
油墨的光滑表面在较高质量的纸上产生了佳的实地密度，当纸张质量降低时，实地油墨密度降低，产生一定的网点扩大，影响了印刷品的质量。
The smooth surface of ink produces a good field density on high-quality paper. When the paper quality is reduced, the field ink density is reduced, resulting in a certain dot expansion, which affects the quality of printed matter.
网线数越高，网点直径越小，纸面上微小的凹坑也能歪曲或遗漏细小的印版网点。因此，网线数越高的精细印品，要求纸张平滑度越高。这是选用纸张的一个原则。但是实际工作中，也可以适当调节油墨的某些性能或改变工艺参数来适应纸张的这一特性。
The higher the number of wires, the smaller the dot diameter, and the small pits on the paper can also distort or omit small printing plate dots. Therefore, the higher the number of screen lines, the higher the smoothness of the paper. This is a principle of paper selection. However, in practice, some properties of ink can also be adjusted appropriately or process parameters can be changed to adapt to this characteristic of paper.
四、纸张特性对印刷品套印精度的影响
4、 Influence of paper characteristics on overprint accuracy of printed matter
对于精细的印刷品，套准要求较高，一般允许误差在0.05mm内。多色印刷中，引起套印不准的原因很多，但印刷过程中纸张因含水量变化而产生的纸张变形是一个重要因素。
For fine prints, the registration requirements are high, and the general allowable error is within 0.05mm. In multicolor printing, there are many reasons for inaccurate overprint, but the paper deformation caused by the change of water content in the printing process is an important factor.
众所周知，纸张含水量改变不仅导致纸张的膨胀或收缩，而且由于含水量变化使得纸张局部尺寸变化，从而产生其它形式的变形，如卷曲、皱摺等。这种变形严重地影响印刷品的印刷工作者关心的是相对湿度对纸张含水量的影响
As we all know, the change of water content of paper not only leads to the expansion or contraction of paper, but also changes the local size of paper due to the change of water content, resulting in other forms of deformation, such as curling, folding and so on. This deformation seriously affects the quality of printed matter. The printer is concerned about the influence of relative humidity on the water content of paper
① 室温一定，高湿度时相对湿度变化引起含水量的变化率比中湿度时相对湿度变化引起含水量的变化率大得多；低湿度时也是如此。从这一角度看，印刷在中等湿度条件下进行有利
① At a certain room temperature, the change rate of water content caused by the change of relative humidity at high humidity is much greater than that caused by the change of relative humidity at medium humidity; The same is true at low humidity. From this point of view, printing is advantageous under medium humidity conditions
② 两者组成一个闭合的滞后回路，这种现象称为纸张的调湿滞后现象。表现为：某一相对湿度条件下达到平衡水量的纸张，如果再经吸湿（脱湿）后，重新回到原有相对湿的环境空气中，其含水量比原来的要有所增加（减少）。
② The two form a closed hysteresis loop, which is called the humidity regulation hysteresis of paper. The performance is as follows: if the paper that reaches the equilibrium water content under a certain relative humidity condition returns to the original relatively wet ambient air after moisture absorption (dehumidification), its water content will increase (decrease) compared with the original.
为了使纸张的含水量在整个纸面上保持均匀一致，并且与印刷车间的温湿度相适应；同时为了使纸张对环境湿度的敏感程度有所降低，提高纸张尺寸的稳定性，一般在印刷之前，要进行调湿（吊晾）处理。
In order to keep the moisture content of the paper uniform on the whole paper surface and adapt to the temperature and humidity of the printing workshop; At the same time, in order to reduce the sensitivity of paper to environmental humidity and improve the stability of paper size, humidity regulation (hanging) treatment is generally carried out before printing.
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