通常，在书刊杂志印刷中排除胶印故障的步骤与方法是：观察、思考、判断、排除。要、准确，深入地了解故障发生的时间、位置及表现形式，然后再认真分析故障是由哪方面原因造成的，明晰故障原因后，再寻找解除故障的方法，排除故障。
Generally, the steps and methods to eliminate offset printing faults in book, magazine printing are observation, thinking, judgment and troubleshooting. Firstly, we should comprehensively, accurately and deeply understand the time, location and manifestation of the fault, and then carefully analyze the cause of the fault. After clarifying the cause of the fault, we can find the method to remove the fault and eliminate the fault.
墨杠是胶印生产中较难解决的一类故障，操作者大多感觉这是一个很棘手的问题，并且其产生的原因较多，所以，对墨杠故障的鉴定不但要灵活运用观察、思考、判断，还需要有较高的技术功底和操作技巧。比如，拿到有问题的印品，要观察墨杠的特征，如粗细、数量、位置和墨杠之间的距离等，然后根据特征去分析产生的原因，从而进行正确判断。下面根据生产实践，简单介绍常见墨杠的特征及其排除方法。
Ink bar is a kind of fault that is difficult to solve in offset printing production. Most operators feel that this is a very difficult problem, and there are many causes. Therefore, the identification of ink bar fault should not only flexibly use observation, thinking and judgment, but also have high technical skills and operation skills. For example, to get a problematic print, first observe the characteristics of the ink bars, such as thickness, quantity, position and the distance between the ink bars, and then analyze the causes according to the characteristics, so as to make a correct judgment. The following is a brief introduction to the characteristics of common ink bars and their elimination methods according to production practice.
等间距宽墨杠这种故障特征是墨杠间距等于齿轮节间距，多是由于滚筒齿轮磨损严重造成的。齿轮磨尖，侧隙扩大，就会啮合不准，产生颤动现象，导致相接触的滚筒表面发生摩擦滑动而形成墨杠。其排除方法如下：
The fault feature of equal spacing wide ink bar is that the ink bar spacing is equal to the gear pitch, which is mostly caused by serious wear of drum gear. When the gear is sharpened and the side clearance is expanded, it will not mesh accurately and produce vibration, resulting in friction and sliding on the contact drum surface and the formation of ink bars. The troubleshooting methods are as follows:
①更换新齿轮；②如果条件许可，可以适当缩小中心距，将齿轮啮合得更紧一些，使侧隙达到0.10mm左右，但要避免顶齿事故发生；③改垫软包衬，并合理调整印版滚筒与橡皮滚筒之间的压力：压缩量不超过0.10～0.15mm；橡皮滚筒与压印滚筒之间的压力：压缩量不超过0.15～0.20mm。
① Replace the new gear; ② If conditions permit, the center distance can be appropriately reduced and the gear can be meshed tighter to make the side clearance reach about 0.10mm, but the top gear accident should be avoided; ③ Change the soft lining, and reasonably adjust the pressure between the printing plate cylinder and the rubber cylinder: the compression shall not exceed 0.10 ~ 0.15mm; Pressure between rubber drum and embossing drum: the compression amount shall not exceed 0.15 ~ 0.20mm.
在叼口处有几条等间距宽墨杠胶印机使用一段时间以后，滚筒轴头和轴套会不可避免地磨损，叼口受压后立即产生离让，引起滑动摩擦产生墨杠，磨损严重时甚会产生叼口重影。其排除方法如下：
There are several equally spaced wide ink bars at the mouth. After the offset press has been used for a period of time, the drum shaft head and shaft sleeve will inevitably wear. After the mouth is pressed, there will be separation immediately, resulting in sliding friction and ink bars. When the wear is serious, there will even be double shadow of the mouth. The troubleshooting methods are as follows:
①更换新轴套；②橡皮布内垫衬纸时，叼口处垫成梯形，以减少叼口合压时产生的撞击力。
① Replace new shaft sleeve; ② When the rubber cloth is lined with paper, the mouth is padded into a trapezoid to reduce the impact force generated when the mouth is closed and pressed.
固定区域的墨杠图片这种故障是由于印版滚筒和橡皮滚筒之间的压力过大，橡皮布在挤压作用下产生较大的摩擦滑动，从而造成网点变形而形成墨杠，如何鉴别这两个滚筒之间的压力是否过大，明显的特征是合压时发出“砰砰”的响声，而且一般在印刷5000张以后，印版表面会发亮。其排除方法如下：
The failure of ink bar picture in the fixed area is due to the excessive pressure between the printing plate cylinder and the rubber cylinder, and the rubber blanket produces large friction and sliding under the extrusion action, resulting in the deformation of the dot and the formation of ink bars. How to identify whether the pressure between the two cylinders is too large? The obvious feature is that the "bang" sound is emitted when pressing, and generally after printing to 5000 sheets, The surface of the printing plate will shine. The troubleshooting methods are as follows:
①印版和橡皮布的衬垫应当数据化，印版衬垫厚度要掌握在标准值的±0.02mm内，橡皮布衬垫厚度应使压力尽量达到理想压力，即印版滚筒与橡皮滚筒之间的压力，其压缩量不超过0.10～0.15mm；橡皮滚筒与压印滚筒之间的压力，其压缩量不超过0.15～0.20mm；②如果按照上述数据进行垫衬时感到压力还不够，不要盲目地往橡皮布内增加衬垫，应当检查滚筒的中心距有无变动。检查中心距的简单办法是，先用熔断丝在滚枕上轧出一个数值，若两头相差0.03mm以上，说明中心距变动了，应进行复测，然后校正到标准数值，使两头保持一致；③若固定区域的墨杠只有一条时，应尽早检查齿隙中是否嵌进硬物。另外，每周做一次定期的清洁保养工作，检查和清理齿轮，这些措施都是很必要的。
① The liner of printing plate and blanket shall be digitized. The thickness of printing plate liner shall be within ± 0.02mm of the standard value. The thickness of blanket liner shall make the pressure reach the ideal pressure as far as possible, that is, the pressure between printing plate cylinder and rubber cylinder, and its compression shall not exceed 0.10 ~ 0.15mm; The compression of the pressure between the rubber drum and the embossing drum shall not exceed 0.15 ~ 0.20mm; ② If you feel that the pressure is not enough when lining according to the above data, do not blindly add pads to the rubber cloth, and check whether the center distance of the drum changes. The simple way to check the center distance is to roll a value on the roller pillow with a fuse. If the difference between the two ends is more than 0.03mm, it indicates that the center distance has changed, and it shall be retested, and then corrected to the standard value to keep the two ends consistent; ③ If there is only one ink bar in the fixed area, check whether hard objects are embedded in the backlash as soon as possible. In addition, it is necessary to do regular cleaning and maintenance once a week, check and clean the gears.
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